Diabetes Specialist

What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that occurs when the body has difficulty processing and balancing glucose (blood sugar) and insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. The right levels of glucose and insulin are vitally important for ensuring the organs get the right amounts of nutrients they need. In people with diabetes, the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin or doesn't produce any insulin at all, which results in a build-up of glucose in the blood. There are two main types of diabetes – type I, an autoimmune disorder which almost always occurs in childhood, and type II, which tends to occur in adults but may also occur in children who are obese or have other metabolic issues. A third type, gestational diabetes, develops in some women who are pregnant.

How can I tell if I'm at risk for diabetes?

The best way to determine your risk level is to have a comprehensive physical exam with blood work to measure the level of glucose in your blood. Urine tests can also determine if your body has excess glucose that isn't being properly processed. You can also determine if you're at risk by knowing the risk factors associated with type I and type II diabetes:

• family history of diabetes – people with close relatives with diabetes are more likely to develop type I or type II diabetes

• viral illnesses – researchers believe exposure to some viruses may play a role in developing type I diabetes is some people

• being overweight or obese

• being physically inactive

• having high blood pressure

• having high cholesterol levels

What health risks are associated with unmanaged diabetes?

Diabetes has been linked with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, vision loss, hearing impairment, skin infections, circulation issues and Alzheimer's disease. Managing diabetes can help you lower these risks substantially.